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心腦血管疾病的病理
美洲鳳凰衛視/專家訪談
專家訪談 心腦血管疾病的預防和治療 上
美洲鳳凰衛視/專家訪談
專家訪談 心腦血管疾病的預防和治療 下
美洲鳳凰衛視/專家訪談
將中醫養生融入日常生活
美洲鳳凰衛視/專家訪談
全球心腦血管健康防治背景
重磅！成人心腦血管疾病始於兒童時期。
心腦血管疾病發作，”猝不及防，分秒奪命”。
曾經認為動脈粥樣硬化是人體老化的必然結果，但是隨著醫學研究的不斷深入，醫學臨床逐漸認識到，動脈粥樣硬化是一個歷經幾十年的漫長病理過程，最早從嬰幼兒時期就開始發生了。美國人最早發現，七十年前有美國研究者在朝鮮戰爭和越南戰爭中陣亡的年輕士兵死亡者尸體解剖，發現有半數至四分之三的士兵罹患早期動脈粥樣硬化脂質斑紋病變。
一組在1160例足月出生新生兒至29歲年齡意外死亡尸檢資料顯示，各個年齡段主動脈和冠狀動脈均廣乏有動脈粥樣硬化早期脂質斑紋個體，12歲和14之間的少年約65%存在有這種病變，約8%大齡兒童或青春期少年存在早期動脈粥樣硬化斑塊。另有研究發現，在30歲至40歲年齡段就可以發展成典型動脈粥樣硬化斑塊，這與臨床上這個年齡段就可以發生心臟病事件相吻合。
更有研究者發現在高膽固醇血症孕婦孕育的胎兒的主動脈發現脂質斑紋的存在，說明動脈粥樣硬化甚至最早可以開始於人胎兒期。
總體來說，大多數人從40歲以後開始逐漸出現動脈硬化，到50歲就會快速加重；男性多於女性，在女性絕經後，女性和男性幾乎相等。
在30多年前，北京阜外醫院也做過一個研究，觀察不同年齡的人動脈粥樣硬化情況。結果也是發現，動脈硬化開始於兒童，然後逐漸進展，在中青年進展最快，到老年後，基本上就人人都有了。但是，經研究報告顯示：在早期階段糾正危險因素能夠延緩動脈粥樣硬化，也能夠預防嚴重的動脈硬化事情如腦梗塞、心肌梗塞等的發生。早期治療的重要性是至關重要！
為何有人因動脈硬化導致了心腦血管疾病，有人沒事呢？這是因為動脈硬化的程度不一樣，也就是說血管逐漸變硬，不像年輕时候那麼有彈性，這一點是不可避免的。但是並不是每個人動脈硬化過程中，都會形成斑塊，或者說即使形成斑塊，也不一定斑塊很嚴重；比如說斑塊很小，並不會影響血流，那麼就不會導致心腦血管疾病。但是，一旦比較嚴重的動脈硬化，就會引起缺血，導致斑塊破裂，形成血栓。可能出現冠心病、心絞痛、心肌梗死、頸動脈嚴重狹窄、則引起腦梗死中風疾病的風險。所以說要想完全避免動脈硬化，每個人的動脈硬化程度不同；決定危險因素不一樣。
引起動脈粥樣硬化加重的最主要因素：遺傳因素、高血壓、糖尿病、高血脂、高尿酸；如果有這4點，那麼動脈硬粥樣化進展就快，但是，如果沒有及時發現三高或四高，也沒有積極控制，那麼動脈粥樣硬化就會加快進展，直至發展為心腦血管疾病。
血管需終身保養維護！血管的壽命決定人的壽命！
隨著全球人口老齡化社會的到來和現代醫學抗感染藥物的迅速發展，人類的疾病發生了重大改變，心腦血管系統疾病和腫瘤已經成為人類生命和健康的主要威脅，尤其是心腦血管疾病的高發，是人類死亡的主要原因之一。
世界衛生組織（World Health Organization) 稱之為：”頭號健康殺手”
心腦血管疾病是心血管疾病和腦血管疾病的總稱，主要指的是冠心病和腦卒中，根據世界衛生組織《全球健康評估》（Gtobal Health Estimates) 報告，「非傳染性疾病」佔全球死亡人數的七十四%。
其中，”最大的殺手”就是心腦血管疾病！目前兩類疾病加在一起的死亡率全球已經超過腫瘤。
國際權威醫學雜誌《柳葉刀》發表了一篇論文，分析了將近30年來中國居民死亡的十大原因，
”第一名”竟然不是癌症，而是“中風”!
“中風”又稱“腦卒中”、“腦血管意外”、在這些因素之中，最常見又最危險因素非“高血壓病”莫屬，數據顯示，大概有80%的病例，是由高血壓病引起，在中國每3個成年人至少有1人罹患高血壓病，推算患病人數超過2.45億人之多。
2019年，據WHO數據顯示中國腦卒中的發生率，位居世界第一，每6.2秒就有一個發生腦中風。
2022數據顯示，在中國心腦血管疾病死亡人數依舊排名第一。腦中風已經成為中國居民死亡首要因素。更可怕的是，中風不僅僅是老年人的專利，在中國15-49歲的青中年裏，中風也是主要的死因之一。
2023年上海復旦大學有學者認為，應對”中風”需要國家級行動。
腦中風是由於腦部血管突然破裂或因血管阻塞導致血液不能流入大腦而引起腦組織損傷的一組疾病，包括缺血性卒中和出血性卒中（缺血性卒中的發病率更高，佔腦卒中總數的60%～70%。發病率高、死亡率高、致殘率高，在中國殘疾率高達70%左右，喪失獨立生活能力，給家庭和個人都帶來巨大負擔。
2022年6月23日《中國心血管健康與疾病報告2021》在北京發佈。報告顯示，在中國每例因病死亡病例中就有2例死於心血管疾病（心臟病），平均每8秒就有1人死於心臟病。推算心血管病現患人數約3.3億。
據國際糖尿病聯盟IDF數據顯示，2021年全球成年糖尿病患數量達到5.37億例，預計到2025年糖尿病患病率將進一步上升至12.2%，患病人數將增加到7.83億例。糖尿病在全球範圍內造成的醫療衛生支出將近1萬億美元。
根據國際糖尿病聯盟IDF2021年糖尿病地圖，顯示，中國面臨的糖尿病防控形勢嚴峻。中國是成人糖尿病患者最多的國家，過去的10余年間（2011至2021年），中國的糖尿病患者由9000萬例增加至1.4億例，增加幅度達56%，其中約7283萬例患者尚未被確診，比例高達51.7%。另外，約有1.7億成年人有糖耐量受損，約2700萬成人伴有空腹血糖受損，這些人群都是糖尿病人群的”後備軍”。預測到2045年，中國糖尿病患者數量將達到1.744億例。
高尿酸血症及痛風是影響多系統的全身性疾病，在中國痛風已經成為僅次於糖尿病的第二大代謝類疾病。18-35患者佔比近60%，年輕人成為高尿酸血症及痛風主力軍，嚴重的高尿酸血症及痛風會導致慢性腎病、高血壓、糖尿病及心腦血管疾病。數據顯示，2022年中國高尿酸血症及痛風患病人數約為1.8億人，預計到2024年將持續增長達到2億人。
中國國家心血管疾病中心的權威調查數據顯示，在中國成年人中出現血脂異常的人越來越多了，有血脂異常的人群超過40%，粗略估計有4億人之多。
研究發現，中國是全球中風發病率最高的地方，中國男性的中風發病風險，是全球男性中風發病風險最高的。
據中國國家心血管疾病中心發佈，2023年4月報告顯示，在中國心腦血管疾病及死亡率，仍然處於上升階段，心腦血管疾病患病人數約為5.6億人。
隨著人口老齡化是導致心腦血管疾病死亡，持續增加的主要驅動因素。在中國因心腦血管疾病過早死亡負擔仍然沉重。
在台灣平均每24分鐘就有1人死於心臟病。
2022年根據統計，台灣每年增3-5萬名腦中風患者，過去每6人有1人中風，現在則是每4人中就有1人發生中風，發生率逐年增加。患者呈年輕化趨勢31-50就醫率逐年增，50歲以後就醫率倍數成長。風險因素指向「三高」第一位為原發性高血壓，第二位為高血脂症，第三位為2型糖尿病。「三高」也連帶導致心血管疾病。在台灣每44分鐘就有1人中風而死亡，發生率非常高。
在美國心腦血管疾病仍然是主要死亡原因之一。2019年曾經數據顯示，在美國每19人死亡就有1人死於中風，大約每40秒就有1人死於腦中風或心肌梗死。高血壓在美國每3個成年人就有1人患有高血壓，推算美國近一半成年人患有高血壓。
據2021年1月5日美國國會向美國衛生與公眾服務部（HHS）報告表示：糖尿病是美國重大的公共衛生問題患病的人數爆炸式增長，必須採取更全面的方法來防止更多人患上最常見的2型糖尿病。大約3700萬美國人或11%的人口患有糖尿病，如果目前的趨勢持續下去，三分之一的美國人將在其一生中患上這種慢性病。超過五分之一糖尿病患者不知道自己患有早期糖尿病。
高血脂症在美國患病率達到45.6%，超過三分之一成年人患有高脂血症約有3100萬人，
還有8410瀕臨患病缺不知情。
痛風在美國患病率約為3.9%，2023年新增患者人數達到1600-2800萬。
數據顯示！加拿大平均每7分鐘就有1人死於心臟病。
平均每10分鐘就有1人死於腦中風。
加拿大雖然有著完善的食品安全法規，以及優良的空氣質量，和政策方面保護和生活環境，但是，都無法盡善盡美保證所有人的健康。據《2018年加拿大公共衛生狀況的報告》顯示，癌症，心腦血管疾病、神經系統疾病、慢性呼吸系統疾病和糖尿病在內的主要慢性疾病仍然是導致加拿大人死亡的主要原因。
加拿大每5個成年人就有一個人患高血壓病，據估計，超過90%達到平均壽命的加拿大人都會患上高血壓。年輕人中風風險升高，加拿大每年約有5萬人中風，平均每10分鐘就有1例腦中風，平均每7分鐘就是1人死於心臟病。
加拿大糖尿病患病人數，據拿大糖尿病協會2018年統計顯示，將近有1150萬加拿大人患有糖尿病；現在應該是超過1150萬人患有糖尿病或處於糖尿病前期。
研究發現，題為加拿大”年輕人的糖尿病”以南亞、華人和白人人口為基礎的研究（Diabetes in the young :A population-based study of south Asian,Chinese,and white people）。研究發現，在30歲以下的糖尿病，白人患者62%患的是2型糖尿病，南亞裔患者中86%為2型，而華人患者中有87%的人患的是2型糖尿病。
糖尿病的主要症狀為沒有活力，容易口渴，尿頻，男性出現性功能障礙、陽痿不舉或是難以保持勃起狀態，視力模糊，傷口不易愈合，四肢麻痹。嚴重者，甚至因血管硬化堵塞而截肢，眼睛失明，腎功能衰竭，尿毒症，腦血管病變，心臟病等糖尿病最常見的併發症，均是導致死亡主要因素。
然而，盡管現代醫學在臨床上應用不同療法的介入，在處理高血壓、高血脂、糖尿病、痛風諸如此類的慢性疾病，始終也是不能够治其本。需要終身服藥，由於終身服藥過程，而且，各類副作用也是很大。對於如何減少或控制心腦血管併發症的發生，仍然，未能達到令人滿意的效果。
加拿大金字塔心腦血管生物科技Danny Lee臨床專家，尋求其本，求精、求深、求細，師古不泥，推陳出新，學貫中西，融傳統醫學與現代醫學所學，滙集眾長，廣開思路，大膽創新，攻破難點，探索尋覓一線之光，希望能夠造福全球更多人的身體健康。
Global cardiovascular and cerebrovascular health prevention background
Heavy! Adult cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases begin in childhood.
Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease attacks are "caught off guard and can kill you in seconds."
It was once believed that atherosclerosis is the inevitable result of human aging, but with the deepening of medical research, clinical medicine has gradually realized that atherosclerosis is a long pathological process that has gone through decades, and it begins as early as infancy. happened. The Americans discovered the earliest. Seventy years ago, American researchers conducted autopsies of young soldiers who died in the Korean War and the Vietnam War, and found that half to three-quarters of the soldiers suffered from early atherosclerotic lipid plaque lesions.
A group of autopsy data from 1160 full-term newborns to 29 years of age showed that the aorta and coronary arteries of all ages were widely lacking in individuals with early atherosclerotic lipid plaques, and adolescents between the ages of 12 and 14 About 65% have this disease, and about 8% of older children or adolescents have early atherosclerotic plaques. Another study found that typical atherosclerotic plaques can develop in the age group of 30 to 40 years old, which is consistent with the occurrence of heart disease events in this age group clinically.
Some researchers have found lipid spots in the aorta of fetuses born to pregnant women with hypercholesterolemia, indicating that atherosclerosis can even start as early as human fetuses.
Generally speaking, arteriosclerosis begins to appear gradually in most people after the age of 40, and it will increase rapidly by the age of 50; men are more than women, and men and women are almost equal after menopause.
More than 30 years ago, Beijing Fuwai Hospital also conducted a study to observe atherosclerosis in people of different ages. The results also found that arteriosclerosis begins in children and then gradually progresses, with the fastest progression in young and middle-aged people. In old age, basically everyone has it. However, research reports have shown that correcting risk factors at an early stage can delay atherosclerosis and prevent serious arteriosclerosis events such as cerebral infarction and myocardial infarction. The importance of early treatment is crucial!
Why do some people suffer from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases due to arteriosclerosis, while others are fine? This is because the degree of arteriosclerosis is different, which means that the blood vessels gradually become harder and less elastic than when they were young. This is inevitable. However, not everyone will form plaques during the process of arteriosclerosis, or even if plaques form, the plaques may not be very serious; for example, the plaques are small and will not affect blood flow, so they will not cause heart disease. Cerebrovascular disease. However, once severe arteriosclerosis occurs, it can cause ischemia, lead to plaque rupture and form thrombus. There may be risks of coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, severe carotid artery stenosis, and cerebral infarction and stroke. Therefore, in order to completely avoid arteriosclerosis, everyone’s degree of arteriosclerosis is different; the risk factors that determine the risk are different.
The most important factors causing aggravation of atherosclerosis: genetic factors, high blood pressure, diabetes, high blood fat, high uric acid; if there are these 4 points, then the progress of atherosclerosis will be fast, but if the three high or high levels are not detected in time If the four high levels are not actively controlled, atherosclerosis will accelerate and progress until it develops into cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
Blood vessels need lifelong maintenance! The lifespan of blood vessels determines the lifespan of a person!
With the advent of the global population aging society and the rapid development of anti-infective drugs in modern medicine, human diseases have undergone major changes. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular system diseases and tumors have become a major threat to human life and health, especially cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases The high incidence rate is one of the main causes of human death.
The World Health Organization calls it: “The number one health killer”
Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are the general term for cardiovascular diseases and cerebrovascular diseases, mainly referring to coronary heart disease and stroke. According to the World Health Organization's "Global Health Estimates" (Gtobal Health Estimates) report, "non-communicable diseases" account for the largest share of global deaths Seventy-four percent of the population.
Among them, the “biggest killer” is cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases! At present, the death rate of the two types of diseases combined has exceeded that of tumors in the world.
The international authoritative medical journal "The Lancet" published a paper analyzing the top ten causes of death of Chinese residents in the past 30 years.
"No. 1" turned out not to be cancer, but "stroke"!
"Stroke" is also called "stroke" and "cerebrovascular accident". Among these factors, the most common and risk factor is "hypertension". According to data, about 80% of the cases are caused by high blood pressure. Caused by hypertension, at least one out of every three adults in China suffers from hypertension, and the estimated number of patients exceeds 245 million.
In 2019, according to WHO data, the incidence of stroke in China ranks first in the world, with a stroke occurring every 6.2 seconds.
According to 2022 data, the number of deaths from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in China still ranks first. Stroke has become the leading cause of death among Chinese residents. What's even more frightening is that stroke is not just a patent of the elderly. Among young and middle-aged people aged 15-49 in China, stroke is also one of the main causes of death.
In 2023, some scholars from Fudan University in Shanghai believed that national action is needed to deal with "stroke".
Cerebral stroke is a group of diseases that cause brain tissue damage due to sudden rupture of blood vessels in the brain or blockage of blood vessels that prevent blood from flowing into the brain, including ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke (the incidence of ischemic stroke is higher, accounting for Stroke accounts for 60% to 70% of the total number of strokes. The morbidity rate is high, the mortality rate is high, and the disability rate is high. In China, the disability rate is as high as about 70%. The loss of independent living ability brings a huge burden to families and individuals.
On June 23, 2022, the "China Cardiovascular Health and Disease Report 2021" was released in Beijing. According to the report, in China, 2 people die from cardiovascular disease (heart disease) in every death due to disease, and on average, 1 person dies from heart disease every 8 seconds. It is estimated that the number of patients with cardiovascular disease is about 330 million.
According to data from the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), the number of adults with diabetes worldwide will reach 537 million in 2021. It is expected that the prevalence of diabetes will further rise to 12.2% by 2025, and the number of patients will increase to 783 million. Diabetes costs nearly $1 trillion in health care costs worldwide.
According to the 2021 diabetes map of the International Diabetes Federation IDF, it shows that China is facing a severe situation of diabetes prevention and control. China is the country with the most adult diabetic patients. In the past 10 years (2011-2021), the number of diabetic patients in China has increased from 90 million to 140 million, an increase of 56%, of which about 72.83 million patients have not been diagnosed , the proportion is as high as 51.7%. In addition, about 170 million adults have impaired glucose tolerance, and about 27 million adults have impaired fasting blood sugar. These people are the "reserve army" of diabetic people. It is predicted that by 2045, the number of diabetic patients in China will reach 174.4 million cases.
Hyperuricemia and gout are systemic diseases that affect multiple systems. In China, gout has become the second largest metabolic disease after diabetes. Patients aged 18-35 accounted for nearly 60%. Young people became the main force of hyperuricemia and gout. Severe hyperuricemia and gout can lead to chronic kidney disease, hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Data show that the number of hyperuricemia and gout patients in China will be about 180 million in 2022, and it is expected to continue to grow to 200 million by 2024.
Authoritative survey data from the National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases of China shows that more and more Chinese adults have dyslipidemia, and more than 40% of them have dyslipidemia, roughly estimated to be as many as 400 million people.
The study found that China has the highest incidence of stroke in the world, and the risk of stroke among Chinese men is the highest among men in the world.
According to the China National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, the April 2023 report shows that cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and mortality in China are still on the rise, and the number of patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases is about 560 million.
As the population ages, it is the main driver of the continued increase in deaths from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The burden of premature death from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases is still heavy in China.
On average, one person dies of a heart attack every 24 minutes in Taiwan.
According to statistics in 2022, there will be an increase of 30,000 to 50,000 stroke patients in Taiwan every year. In the past, 1 in every 6 people had a stroke, but now it is 1 in every 4 people. The incidence rate is increasing year by year. Patients tend to be younger 31-50, and the rate of seeking medical treatment is increasing year by year, and the rate of seeking medical treatment after the age of 50 grows exponentially. The risk factors point to the "three highs". The first is essential hypertension, the second is hyperlipidemia, and the third is type 2 diabetes. "Three highs" also lead to cardiovascular disease. In Taiwan, one person dies of stroke every 44 minutes, and the incidence rate is very high.
Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases remain one of the leading causes of death in the United States. According to data in 2019, one out of every 19 deaths in the United States died of a stroke, and approximately one person died of a stroke or myocardial infarction every 40 seconds. Hypertension: 1 in 3 adults in the United States has high blood pressure, and it is estimated that nearly half of adults in the United States have high blood pressure.
According to a report from the U.S. Congress to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) on January 5, 2021: Diabetes is a major public health problem in the United States. The number of people suffering from the disease is exploding, and a more comprehensive approach must be taken to prevent more people from suffering from the disease. Type 2 diabetes is the most common type. Approximately 37 million Americans, or 11% of the population, have diabetes, and if current trends continue, one in three Americans will develop this chronic disease in their lifetime. More than one in five people with diabetes do not know they have early-stage diabetes.
The prevalence of hyperlipidemia in the United States has reached 45.6%, and more than one-third of adults suffer from hyperlipidemia, with approximately 31 million people suffering from it.
There are 8,410 people who are on the verge of getting sick but don’t know about it.
The prevalence of gout in the United States is approximately 3.9%, and the number of new patients will reach 16-28 million in 2023.
Data Display! On average, 1 person in Canada dies of a heart attack every 7 minutes.
On average, one person dies of a stroke every 10 minutes.
Although Canada has perfect food safety regulations, excellent air quality, and policy protection and living environment, none of them can guarantee everyone's health perfectly. According to the 2018 State of Public Health in Canada report, major chronic diseases including cancer, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, neurological diseases, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes remain the leading causes of death in Canada.
One in five adults in Canada suffers from hypertension, and it is estimated that more than 90% of Canadians who live an average life expectancy will suffer from hypertension. Young people have an increased risk of stroke. About 50,000 people in Canada have a stroke every year. On average, there is one stroke every 10 minutes, and one person dies of heart disease every seven minutes.
According to the 2018 statistics of the Canadian Diabetes Association, nearly 11.5 million Canadians have diabetes; now there should be more than 11.5 million people with diabetes or pre-diabetes.
The study found that a study titled "Diabetes in the young: A population-based study of south Asian, Chinese, and white people" in Canada was based on South Asian, Chinese, and white people. The study found that 62% of white patients with diabetes under the age of 30 had type 2 diabetes, 86% of South Asian patients had type 2 diabetes, and 87% of Chinese patients had type 2 diabetes.
The main symptoms of diabetes are lack of energy, easy thirst, frequent urination, male sexual dysfunction, impotence or difficulty maintaining an erection, blurred vision, difficulty in wound healing, and paralysis of the limbs. In severe cases, the most common complications of diabetes such as amputation due to arteriosclerosis and blockage, blindness, renal failure, uremia, cerebrovascular disease, and heart disease are all major factors leading to death.
However, although modern medicine applies different therapeutic interventions in clinical practice, it is still unable to cure the root causes of chronic diseases such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and gout. It is necessary to take medicine for life, because of the course of taking medicine for life, and various side effects are also very large. How to reduce or control the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications still fails to achieve satisfactory results.
Danny Lee, a clinical expert in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular biotechnology at Pyramid Canada, pursues his roots, pursues refinement, depth, and refinement, learns from the past, innovates with the old, learns both Chinese and Western medicine, integrates traditional medicine and modern medicine, and brings together the strengths of others to widely Open up ideas, boldly innovate, overcome difficulties, explore and find glimmers of light, hoping to benefit the health of more people around the world.